basicchemistrynotes

The principle properties of water are its polarity, cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, high specific heat, and evaporative cooling. We talk about water our favourite molecule.  It’s polar. It’s shaped like an outstretched V. Its properties are awesome. Also, it makes up ¾ of the Earth’s surface.Our favourite molecule is water. And we’re not going to lecture you about how important water is and the fact that all  life as we know it could not survive without it, because yeah that’s true, but we really want to talk about what makes water so unique for biology itself. What are these awesome  properties? Polarity We mentioned the shape of water and the fact that it is polar. It has one very electronegative oxygen that is always trying to keep the electrons closer to it than to the hydrogens it is bonded to. This actually gives the oxygen a slightly negative charge---because of the electrons that are spending more time next to it---and it gives the hydrogens a slight...

What is partial pressure? Definition of partial pressure In a mixture of gases, each gas contributes to the total pressure of the mixture. This contribution is the partial pressure . The partial pressure is the pressure the gas if the gas were in a similar volume and temperature without anyone else. Dalton's law expresses the total pressure of a blend of ideal gases is the sum of the partial pressure of every individual gas. While the typical symbol for pressure is P or p, partial pressure is demonstrated by an addendum (e.g., P1 or p1). Partial pressure is important in the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology. Blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide are directed by assessing their partial pressure. Example of partial pressure Intermolecular forces and we start making a little bit more of a condensed phase such as solids and liquids. you start getting all these unique properties of solids and liquids.  liquids have quite a few unique ones vis...

Molality Formula  It is characterized as the quantity of moles of solute  present in 1 kg of solvent &  is denoted by m. When we are estimating the physical parameter of an answer, what would it be a good idea for us to do? For certain reason, the use of molality to be sure is the most regular decision. Be that as it may, when we need to know the solute fixation in a  circumstance where there's a changing in temperature, molality won't work. This is on the grounds that the arrangement's volume will change somewhat alongside the temperature, that changes ends up having a slight impact to give a mistake that should be precise. Another parameter's required, something that isn't influenced by the temperature. Molality = moles of solute(moles)                                      Mass of solvent(Kg) Molality Formula Questions: 1) What is the molality of a...

What is molarity? It is the most broadly utilized unit and is indicated  by M.  Molarity is characterized as the quantity of moles of the solute in 1 liter of the arrangement. Thus, Molarity (M)= No . of moles of solute    Volume of solution in litre Example, 1) 5 moles of solute present in 500ml of solution, what is molarity? Answer- Molarity (M)= 5 moles                                             0.5 ltr                                        = 5 × 10                                                5                                 ...

Introduction to stoichiometry The word ‘ stoichiometry ’ is derived from two Greek words - stoicheion (meaning element) and metron (meaning measure). Stoichiometry is the study of numerical relationship between the amounts of reactants used and amounts of products formed by a chemical reaction. Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass and the mass of reactants equals the mass of the products. Why do we use this? Stoichiometry problems consist of predicting the amount of gram of product that will form from a reaction.if you know how many grams of reactants you have predicting the number of gram of reactant that will be needed to produce a certain amount of product. How can stoichiometry be used in real life? Let's we start this, stiochiometry can be used in cooking. We going start baking a butter cake, for baking a butter cake needed some ingredient like flour,butter,suger,eggs for bake a nice and tasty butter cake. all this ingredient requi...

  LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS The combination of elements to form compounds is governed by the following five basic laws. 1)  Law of Conservation of  Mass It states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed.This law was put forth by Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. He performed careful experimental studies for combustion reactions for reaching to the above conclusion. This law formed the basis for several later developments in. chemistry Infact, this was the result of exact measurement of masses of reactants and products, and carefully planned experiments performed by Lavoisier . 2)Law of  Definite Proportions This law was given by, a French chemist, Joseph Proust. He stated that a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight. Proust worked with two  samples of cupric carbonate— one of which was of natural origin and the other was synthetic one. He found that the composition of elements presen...

UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT CHEMISTRY What is meant by uncertainty in measurement chemistry ?  Let'us the study in the field of chemistry, one has to deal with experimental data as well as theoretical calculations. There are meaningful ways to handle the numbers conveniently and present the data realistically with certainty to the extent possible. how do you find the uncertainty of a measurement.  These ideas  are discussed below in details. 1) Scientific Notation As chemistry is the study of atoms and molecules which have extremely low masses and are present in extremely large numbers, a chemist has to deal with numbers as large as 602, 200,000,000,000,000,000,000 for the molecules of 2 g of hydrogen gas or as small as 0.00000000000000000000000166 gm mass of a H atom. Similarly other constants such as Planck’s constant, speed of light,charges on particles etc., involve numbers of the above magnitude.It may look funny for a moment to write or count numbers i...