basicchemistrynotes

What is molarity? It is the most broadly utilized unit and is indicated  by M.  Molarity is characterized as the quantity of moles of the solute in 1 liter of the arrangement. Thus, Molarity (M)= No . of moles of solute    Volume of solution in litre Example, 1) 5 moles of solute present in 500ml of solution, what is molarity? Answer- Molarity (M)= 5 moles                                             0.5 ltr                                        = 5 × 10                                                5                                 ...

Introduction to stoichiometry The word ‘ stoichiometry ’ is derived from two Greek words - stoicheion (meaning element) and metron (meaning measure). Stoichiometry is the study of numerical relationship between the amounts of reactants used and amounts of products formed by a chemical reaction. Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass and the mass of reactants equals the mass of the products. Why do we use this? Stoichiometry problems consist of predicting the amount of gram of product that will form from a reaction.if you know how many grams of reactants you have predicting the number of gram of reactant that will be needed to produce a certain amount of product. How can stoichiometry be used in real life? Let's we start this, stiochiometry can be used in cooking. We going start baking a butter cake, for baking a butter cake needed some ingredient like flour,butter,suger,eggs for bake a nice and tasty butter cake. all this ingredient requi...

  LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS The combination of elements to form compounds is governed by the following five basic laws. 1)  Law of Conservation of  Mass It states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed.This law was put forth by Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. He performed careful experimental studies for combustion reactions for reaching to the above conclusion. This law formed the basis for several later developments in. chemistry Infact, this was the result of exact measurement of masses of reactants and products, and carefully planned experiments performed by Lavoisier . 2)Law of  Definite Proportions This law was given by, a French chemist, Joseph Proust. He stated that a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight. Proust worked with two  samples of cupric carbonate— one of which was of natural origin and the other was synthetic one. He found that the composition of elements presen...

UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT CHEMISTRY What is meant by uncertainty in measurement chemistry ?  Let'us the study in the field of chemistry, one has to deal with experimental data as well as theoretical calculations. There are meaningful ways to handle the numbers conveniently and present the data realistically with certainty to the extent possible. how do you find the uncertainty of a measurement.  These ideas  are discussed below in details. 1) Scientific Notation As chemistry is the study of atoms and molecules which have extremely low masses and are present in extremely large numbers, a chemist has to deal with numbers as large as 602, 200,000,000,000,000,000,000 for the molecules of 2 g of hydrogen gas or as small as 0.00000000000000000000000166 gm mass of a H atom. Similarly other constants such as Planck’s constant, speed of light,charges on particles etc., involve numbers of the above magnitude.It may look funny for a moment to write or count numbers i...

PROPERTIES OF MATTER & THEIR MEASUREMENT   Properties of matter & their measurement are divided in Physical and chemical properties . Every substance has unique or characteristic  properties. These properties can be classified  into two categories — physical properties ,  such as colour, odour, melting point, boiling point, density, etc., and chemical properties , like composition, combustibility, ractivity with acids and bases, etc.  Physical properties can be measured or observed without changing the identity or the composition of the substance. The measurement or observation of chemical properties requires a chemical change to occur. Measurement of physical properties does not require occurance of a chemical change. The examples of chemical  properties are characteristic reactions of different  substances; these include acidity or basicity,  combustibility, etc. 1)   Mea...

 CHEMISTRY 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF  BASIC CHEMISTRY Chemistry plays a central role in science and is often intertwined with other branches of science .   Principles of chemistry are applicable in diverse areas, such as weather patterns, functioning of brain and operation of a computer,gs, soa   production in chemical industries, manufacturing fertilizers, alkalies, acids, salts, dyes, polymers, dru ps, detergents, metals, alloys, etc., including new material.  Chemistry contributes in a big way to the national economy. It also plays an important role in meeting human needs for food, healthcare products and other material aimed at improving the quality of life. This is exemplified by the large-scale production of a variety of fertilizers, improved variety of pesticides and insecticides. Basic chemistry  provides methods for the isolation of lifesaving drugs from natural sources and makes possible synthesis of such drugs. Some of these drugs are cis pl...